Demand for electricity from consumers and industry constantly changes. Smart grid introduction may offer lower tariffs when demand is weakest.

The Battery Management System (BMS) is an essential component within a multiple cell battery pack. It monitors the state of a battery, measuring and controlling key operational parameters, and thus ensuring safety.

Batteries which employ lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide are a compromise of electrochemical performance, combined with lower cost.

Phosphate based technology possesses superior thermal and chemical stability which provides better safety characteristics than those of other Lithium-ion technologies.

A smart grid is an electricity network that uses digital and other advanced technologies to monitor and manage the transport of electricity from all generation sources to meet the varying electricity demands of end-users.

Memory effect, also known as battery effect, lazy battery effect or battery memory, is an alleged effect observed in nickel cadmium rechargeable batteries that causes them to hold less charge.